Prime Minister Mark Carney said Canada has “taken back control” of immigration and signaled that “a few more years of restraint” may be needed as the government tightens intake. Ottawa’s newest framework keeps permanent resident admissions at 380,000 a year through 2028 while cutting temporary resident arrivals to 385,000 in 2026 and 370,000 in 2027 and 2028.
- Carney said asylum seekers are down by a third, temporary foreign workers by half, and foreign students by two thirds after immigration levels were judged too high when his government took over.
- Ottawa’s target for temporary resident arrivals falls from 673,650 in 2025 to 385,000 in 2026; the target is 230,000 temporary workers in 2026 and 220,000 in 2027 and 2028.
- The international student target is set at 155,000 in 2026 and 150,000 in 2027 and 2028, as the government aims to reduce the temporary population to less than 5% of Canada’s total population by the end of 2027.
- Carney said Canada is “on top of the numbers” and framed the tighter policy as an opening for federal and provincial leaders to discuss the next phase of immigration planning.
- Canada admitted 83,130 permanent residents in the first quarter of 2026, marking a 20 percent decrease.
- Indian student numbers plunged 66 percent between 2023 and 2025 due to stricter federal regulations.
- The federal government aims to reduce the temporary population to below 5 percent by the end of 2027.
Canada admitted 83,130 new permanent residents in the first quarter of 2026, down 20% from 104,320 during the same period in 2025, an Association for Canadian Studies analysis of federal data found.
Free toolCanada Express Entry Points CalculatorNearly half of the national decline came from India. The drop coincided with a sharp reduction in arrivals from one of Canada’s largest former student markets.
Ontario and British Columbia absorbed 81% of the national decrease. Quebec moved in the opposite direction, recording a 12% increase.
Federal figures show 128,900 admissions from January through May 2026. The total remains on track toward the government’s 380,000 target for the year.
Temporary arrivals are falling faster. New students were down 83% in May compared with May 2024, while worker arrivals declined 63% over the same period.
India’s student pipeline has fallen sharply since 2023
The number of Indian students in Canada fell 66% between 2023 and 2025, dropping from 278,000 to 93,915. A separate Association for Canadian Studies count recorded a similar change, from 277,950 to 93,840.
Their share of the international student population also contracted. Indian nationals represented approximately 24.6% of that population, down from 41.2% in 2022.
Applicants encountered a tougher approval environment. The rejection rate for Indian applicants reached about 74% in August 2025, compared with 32% in 2023.
The decline continued into 2026. Canada issued 5,795 permits and renewals to Indian applicants in April, 16% below April 2025 and 84% below April 2024.
Jack Jedwab, president of the Association for Canadian Studies, said tighter scrutiny of institutions and programs had hit the Indian market hardest because it expanded rapidly through short-term, career-oriented college programs. Those programs now face tighter regulation.
“Canada has moved from rapid immigration expansion to a deliberate, government-driven contraction. The pattern is not a quarterly fluctuation; Canada is becoming less accessible and much less predictable.”
Ottawa is cutting temporary arrivals while holding the 2026 admissions goal
Canada’s 2026–2028 immigration plan keeps annual permanent-resident admissions at 380,000 while reducing new temporary arrivals, including international students. The federal government aims to bring the temporary population below 5% of Canada’s total population by the end of 2027.
The plan projects 408,000 study permits in 2026, including 155,000 for new international students. The comparable target for 2025 was 437,000.
The government has also tightened the application environment. Most students must obtain a Provincial Attestation Letter before applying, while the cost-of-living financial requirement has doubled to more than $20,000 CAD.
The former Student Direct Stream has ended. The national approval rate is 60%, meaning roughly four in 10 applications are rejected.
The Honourable Marc Miller, minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship, described the government’s objective after the October 24, 2024 announcement of the 2025–2027 Immigration Levels Plan.
“pause population growth in the short term to achieve well-managed, sustainable growth in the long term”
The plan’s reduced annual target follows an earlier baseline of 500,000 admissions. The revised goal is 380,000, plus roughly 66,000 in-Canada transitions, a 21% reduction.
| Measure | Earlier or comparison figure | Current figure |
|---|---|---|
| First-quarter admissions | 104,320 in 2025 | 83,130 in 2026 |
| Indian students in Canada | 278,000 in 2023 | 93,915 in 2025 |
| Indian permit approvals and renewals | April 2025 baseline | 5,795 in April 2026 |
| Annual study-permit target | 437,000 in 2025 | 408,000 in 2026 |
Ontario and British Columbia carried most of the national drop
Ontario and British Columbia together accounted for 81% of the decline in admissions. Their institutions are also dealing with reduced tuition revenue from international sources.
Quebec recorded a 12% increase. The province’s separate authority to set immigration targets has allowed it to use admissions to support labor-market needs.
The provincial figures diverged sharply. Two provinces absorbed most of the decrease, while Quebec expanded.
New arrivals are not the only measure moving lower. Federal data show that students arriving in May fell 83% from May 2024, and worker arrivals dropped 63%.
Graduates and temporary residents face a narrower route forward
Stricter rules for the Post-Graduation Work Permit have left thousands of graduates ineligible to remain in Canada. Protests followed in major cities throughout 2025 and early 2026.
Relations between Canada and India also affected the flow. Tensions following the 2023 Nijjar case initially slowed processing and contributed to weaker sentiment among applicants, some of whom began considering the United Kingdom or Australia.
The federal government projects a marginal population decline of 0.2% for the remainder of 2026 as temporary residents with expiring permits begin leaving.
The admissions target remains the government’s central benchmark. After five months, the country had recorded 128,900 arrivals against the 380,000 annual goal.
The temporary-population objective extends through the end of 2027, when Ottawa aims to reduce that group to below 5% of Canada’s total population.
