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Understanding the Substantial Presence Test: Resident Alien or Non-Resident Alien for Taxes

Learn how to determine your 2026 U.S. tax status, calculate the Substantial Presence Test, and choose between Form 1040 and 1040-NR for the 2027 filing season.

Oliver Mercer 8 min read
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The Intelligence Stream

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DEPT OF STATE // OFFICIAL DATA

Visa Bulletin

Monthly priority date updates — the dates that decide when your green card case moves forward.

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APRIL 2026
LATEST BULLETIN

May 2026 Visa Bulletin Predictions: Complete Analysis and Forecast

The May 2026 Visa Bulletin predictions are based on detailed quantitative analysis of the March → April 2026 movement patterns. The April 2026 bulletin brought historic advances across multiple categories driven by…

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APRIL 2026 Final Action Dates · Estimated Green Card Wait Times
Category ROW China India
EB-1 Current 3 yr 3 yr
EB-2 Current 4.6 yr 11.7 yr
EB-3 1.8 yr 4.8 yr 12.4 yr
EB-5 Current 9.6 yr 3.9 yr
3 categories currently visa-available
Explore Full Visa Bulletin Dashboard
USCIS DATA

Processing Times Dashboard

Current estimated processing times for major immigration forms.

Full Schedule

Family-Based

I-130 (Spouse) 17 months Delayed
I-130 (Parent) 17 months Delayed
I-485 (Family) 8 months Normal
K-1 (Fiancee) 8-11 months Normal

Employment-Based

I-129 (H-1B) 1 months Normal
I-140 (EB) 1 months Normal
I-765 (EAD) 2-12 months Delayed
N-400 (Citizen) 6 months Normal
USCIS FEE DATA

Filing Fee Schedule

Current USCIS filing fees for major immigration forms.

Full Schedule

Family-Based

I-130 $625
I-129F $675
I-485 $1,440
I-864 $0

Employment-Based

I-129 $730
I-140 $715
I-485 Increased $1,440
I-765 $470

Citizenship

N-400 $710
N-600 $1,335

Travel & Documents

I-131 $580
I-90 $415
STATE DEPT DATA

Green Card Backlog Tracker

April 2026 Visa Bulletin — Final Action Dates

Full Tracker
Category RoW China India Mexico Philippines
Employment-Based
EB-1
Current
3 yr ▲ 31d
3 yr ▲ 31d
Current
Current
EB-2
Current
4.6 yr
11.7 yr ▲ 303d
Current
Current
EB-3
1.8 yr ▲ 244d
4.8 yr ▲ 45d
12.4 yr
1.8 yr ▲ 244d
2.7 yr
EB-4
3.7 yr ▲ 365d
3.7 yr ▲ 365d
3.7 yr ▲ 365d
3.7 yr ▲ 365d
3.7 yr ▲ 365d
EB-5
Current
9.6 yr ▲ 17d
3.9 yr
Current
Current
Family-Based
F-1
8.9 yr ▲ 174d
8.9 yr ▲ 174d
8.9 yr ▲ 174d
19.1 yr ▲ 55d
12.9 yr ▲ 61d
F-2A
2.2 yr
2.2 yr
2.2 yr
3.2 yr
2.2 yr
F-2B
8.9 yr ▲ 172d
8.9 yr ▲ 172d
8.9 yr ▲ 172d
17.1 yr
13 yr ▲ 107d
F-3
14.3 yr ▲ 105d
14.3 yr ▲ 105d
14.3 yr ▲ 105d
24.9 yr
20.8 yr ▲ 122d
F-4
17.8 yr ▲ 152d
17.8 yr ▲ 152d
19.4 yr
25 yr
19.2 yr ▲ 153d
// F-1 / OPT / STEM / CPT

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Expert answers to the most common immigration questions from our readers.

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GLOBAL MOBILITY

$15,000 Visa Bond Deposit Blocks Algerian Fans Under Visa Bond Pilot Program

U.S. requires $15,000 visa bonds for visitors from 50 nations, including World Cup qualifiers, creating high financial barriers for 2026 tournament fans.

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// REGIONAL INTELLIGENCE

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DAILY BRIEF

Immigration Intel, Delivered Daily

Join 40,000+ professionals who start their day with our free immigration briefing. Policy changes, visa updates, and deadline alerts — in your inbox by 6am EST.

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Consular Updates & Travel Alerts

SOURCE: STATE DEPT / USCIS // CHANNEL: OFFICIAL

ARCHIVE ACCESS
URGENT NOTICE

4 Iranian Students at Umass Dartmouth Struggle as Trump Presidential Proclamations Freeze Visas

Trump administration freezes OPT work permits for Iranian students at UMass Dartmouth, leaving 2026 graduates facing deportation and security risks.

READ OFFICIAL CABLE →

Legislative Tracker

Tracking the movement of key immigration bills through Congress.

APR 2026

USCIS Will Reject Outdated Form I-129 for FY2027 H-1B Petitions Starting April 1

USCIS will reject older versions of Form I-129 starting April 1, 2026. Employers must use…

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APR 2026

USCIS Tightens H-1B Selection Rules, Affecting New York Employers Filing Form I-129

USCIS implements wage-weighted H-1B selection and shorter work permits starting April 1, 2026, alongside new…

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MAR 2026

U.S. Flags “not Sufficiently Vetted” Green Card Cases Under Presidential Proclamation 10949

Guide to filing Form I-485 in 2026, covering new security vetting, social media checks, eligibility…

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