(CANADA) — Canada’s Immigration Department is notifying approximately 30,000 refugee claimants that their asylum claims may be ineligible for hearings by the Refugee Protection Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board, a move that could lead to deportation.

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada has begun sending procedural fairness letters marked “redetermination – ineligibility” to foreign nationals who filed claims more than one year after entering Canada. If authorities deem those claims ineligible, recipients face removal, and some have been instructed to leave immediately.

The notification campaign follows the enactment of Bill C-12, the Strengthening Canada’s Immigration System and Borders Act. The letters began issuing on March 27, 2026, the day after the bill received royal assent and became law.

Taous Ait, an IRCC spokesperson, confirmed the scale of the measure. “As of January 31, 2026, this number was estimated to reach approximately 30,000 individuals,” Ait said.

Ait said the process follows Bill C-12’s enactment. Immigration Minister Lena Metlege Diab’s office oversees the notifications.

The new letters have landed on claimants who had been waiting for the Refugee Protection Division to assess their cases. Instead of moving toward a hearing, many now face a preliminary determination that could block them from reaching that stage at all.

Under the new rules, the targeted group consists of foreign nationals who filed refugee claims more than one year after entering Canada. Bill C-12 expanded ineligibility under section 101 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act to exclude those late claims.

That shift places timing at the center of refugee eligibility. For those covered by the new provision, the question is no longer only whether their claims would succeed before the board, but whether they can appear there in the first place.

The legal change builds on prior regulations, including those in SOR-2002-227. Bill C-12 broadened the framework by adding late claims to the grounds that can make an asylum application ineligible for referral to the Refugee Protection Division.

The immediate consequence is procedural, but the stakes are direct. Claimants who receive the letters must now respond to a process that can end with their removal from Canada without a refugee hearing.

Immigration lawyers say the letters have triggered panic among clients. They describe people who had been awaiting Immigration and Refugee Board assessments and are now confronting the possibility of imminent deportation.

One lawyer criticized the policy in stark terms: “Denying a refugee hearing to everyone who claims after one year is akin to throwing out the baby with the bathwater. The whole purpose of a hearing is to determine which claims are genuine”.

That criticism goes to the heart of the dispute taking shape around the new law. Supporters of the legislative change moved late-filed claims into the category of ineligibility, while lawyers for claimants argue that barring hearings for an entire class of applicants undercuts the refugee determination process itself.

The procedural fairness letters are the first visible sign of how quickly the law is being applied. Their issuance on March 27, 2026, tied the administrative rollout almost immediately to Bill C-12’s coming into force.

The sequence also shows that the government had already estimated the scale of the exercise before the letters began going out. Ait’s statement placed the number at approximately 30,000 individuals as of January 31, 2026.

That estimate means the government had identified a large cohort potentially affected by the one-year filing rule before the law took effect. Once Bill C-12 became law, the notifications followed the next day.

For claimants, the letters carry more than a warning. They signal that a case once headed toward adjudication at the Immigration and Refugee Board may now be redirected into an ineligibility review with removal consequences.

The Refugee Protection Division plays the role of hearing claims and determining whether protection should be granted. Claimants found ineligible under the revised section 101 framework may never reach that stage.

The wording on the notices, “redetermination – ineligibility,” reflects that shift. Cases that had been moving through one process are now being re-examined under a new statutory standard shaped by Bill C-12.

The government has tied that review directly to the timing of the claim. Foreign nationals who filed more than one year after entering Canada fall within the class identified by the new rules.

That one-year threshold has become the line dividing those who can proceed to a hearing from those now at risk of exclusion from it. Lawyers say that has left clients scrambling to understand whether they will be allowed to present their cases.

The Immigration Department’s move also brings renewed attention to how section 101 operates. Bill C-12 expanded a legal framework that already contained ineligibility rules and prior regulations, and it now applies that structure to late refugee claims.

Court challenges to the law are anticipated. The coming legal fight is expected to test whether the broadened ineligibility provisions can stand when applied to claimants who say they should still receive a hearing on the merits of their cases.

For now, the policy is moving ahead through letters sent directly to affected people. With Lena Metlege Diab’s office overseeing the notifications and IRCC confirming the estimated scope, the administrative machinery is already in motion.

The human effect has surfaced just as quickly. Lawyers say clients who had waited for their turn before the board now fear they could be deported before any hearing takes place.

That has made the procedural fairness letters more than a technical step in immigration administration. They are now the documents through which thousands of claimants first learn that the rules governing their cases have changed.

Those notices also mark the practical reach of Bill C-12. The law’s passage did not remain an abstract change in statute books for long; by March 27, 2026, it had begun reshaping the path of refugee claims across Canada.

IRCC’s estimate of approximately 30,000 individuals gives a sense of the breadth of that change. It affects not a small set of isolated cases, but a large group of people whose claims fall outside the new filing deadline.

For those individuals, the difference between eligibility and ineligibility is decisive. A hearing before the Refugee Protection Division can determine whether a claim is genuine, while ineligibility can place a claimant on a path toward removal.

That is why the reaction from immigration lawyers has been immediate and severe. “Denying a refugee hearing to everyone who claims after one year is akin to throwing out the baby with the bathwater. The whole purpose of a hearing is to determine which claims are genuine”.