(CANADA) — Canada has introduced a new airport transit process that lets some international connecting passengers move through Vancouver, Montreal and Toronto without stopping to meet a border officer or use a primary inspection kiosk.

Under the Canada Border Services Agency’s Free Flow International-to-International Transit process, eligible passengers travelling from one international destination to another through Canada can go straight to the international departure area for their next flight.

Airlines send the Canada Border Services Agency passenger travel information in advance, including the final destination and scheduled departure time.

The system is now available at Vancouver International Airport, Montréal Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport and Toronto Pearson International Airport Terminal 1. Toronto Pearson Terminal 3 is not part of the program.

What the new process changes for travellers

Until now, many passengers making an international-to-international connection in Canada still had to deal with the border agency during the stopover, even when they were not entering Canada as visitors. The new process removes that in-person step for those who meet the conditions.

CBSA says it tested the process before making it available at the three airport hubs. The agency uses airline data to confirm that a traveller continues on the onward international flight and leaves Canada as scheduled.

Canadian airports have pushed for faster international transfers for years because carriers treat these connections as a way to move passengers from one aircraft to another without routing them through a full customs process. The new arrangement keeps that transfer inside the international side of the airport for eligible travellers.

Eligibility requirements for the Free Flow process

Eligibility turns on several conditions. A passenger must be making an international-to-international connection through Vancouver, Montréal-Trudeau or Toronto Pearson Terminal 1, must hold valid identification and travel documents, and must have a confirmed ticket for an international flight leaving Canada within 24 hours of arrival.

The passenger must also remain inside the designated international departure area until boarding. Leaving that area ends eligibility for the streamlined route and sends the traveller back into the regular border process.

Canada’s travel document rules still apply

The change does not erase Canada’s document rules for transit passengers. Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada says a traveller may need an electronic travel authorization, a visitor visa, a transit visa, or only a passport, depending on nationality, route and transit situation.

Visa-required nationals can still need a transit visa if an international flight stops at a Canadian airport on the way to another country, or if the traveller is connecting between two international flights at Canadian airports for 48 hours or less and does not hold a valid visitor visa or qualify for an eTA. Skipping the border check does not mean a passenger can skip Canadian travel document requirements.

What can remove a passenger from the program

Connection problems can also remove a passenger from the program. If a delay or cancellation stretches the layover beyond 24 hours, or if the traveller leaves the international departure area, that person must report to CBSA for processing.

Baggage handling is another limit. CBSA says the smoother transit route works where the airline automatically transfers checked baggage to the onward flight and where the departure flight leaves on the same day as arrival.

If the airline does not offer automatic baggage transfer, or if the onward departure is not on the same day, the passenger must collect baggage from the carousel and follow the usual international arrivals route for CBSA processing before returning to departures. Separate-ticket itineraries and self-transfer bookings can turn what looks like a simple connection into a standard border stop.

How U.S.-bound connections are handled

Passengers heading to the United States face a different process. Those travellers proceed to the U.S. connection area at the Canadian airport, where they and their baggage are re-screened for security and processed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

That means a U.S.-bound connection through Canada does not become check-free under the new system. The Canadian step may be reduced for some travellers, but U.S. preclearance rules still apply on that route.

Practical effects at different airports

The practical effect is clearest at Toronto Pearson, where the program applies only in one part of the airport. A traveller booked through Terminal 1 can qualify if the other conditions are met, while a traveller arriving at or connecting through Terminal 3 cannot use the Free Flow route.

At Vancouver and Montréal-Trudeau, the airport rule is simpler because eligible international-to-international transit passengers can use the process without a terminal restriction.

Even then, the airport alone does not decide the issue; travel documents, connection timing, baggage arrangements and movement inside the airport still control whether a passenger avoids a CBSA stop.

The role of airlines and advance data

Airlines now sit at the center of the process because they provide the travel data that allows CBSA to track a passenger’s onward movement. That includes destination and departure timing, two details the agency uses to verify that the person remains in transit rather than entering Canada.

The arrangement also shifts some of the pressure point for travellers to the booking stage. Anyone planning a connection through Canada needs to confirm the airport and terminal, make sure the onward flight departs within 24 hours, check whether baggage will transfer automatically, and verify whether a transit visa, visitor visa or eTA is required before departure.

Risks for travellers on separate tickets or tight connections

Travellers who book separate tickets face added risk because baggage collection can force them out of the Free Flow path and back into the standard arrivals channel. Tight connections carry a different risk: if the onward flight disruption pushes the stopover past 24 hours, the border exemption ends and CBSA processing starts.

CBSA has framed the policy as a way to improve the traveller experience while maintaining border security. Its model depends on advance passenger information rather than an in-person encounter for every eligible traveller.

At busy international hubs, that change can shorten a connection by removing one of the routine steps that used to stand between arrival and the next gate. Whether a passenger actually benefits, though, still comes down to the fine print of the itinerary: the airport, the terminal, the documents in hand, the baggage tag, and the clock.