How Green Card Holders Can Prove Good Moral Character for Naturalization

(U.S.) U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will start applying a broader test for “good moral character” on August 15, 2025, changing how Green Card holders are reviewed for naturalization. Under the new policy, officers won’t just look for the absence of crimes. They will weigh a person’s full record, including positive actions, community ties, and any past problems, using a totality-of-the-circumstances approach. The shift is laid out in policy memorandum PM-602-0188 and marks a return to a more demanding review at the citizenship stage, aligning with President Trump’s stated goal of tightening eligibility. USCIS says the aim is to match citizenship with conduct that reflects community standards in the United States 🇺🇸.

This change matters for anyone planning to file <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/n-400">Form N-400</a> to become a U.S. citizen. The agency will now consider a wide range of life factors, both good and bad, during the statutory period — usually five years before filing, or three years for those applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen. The burden remains on each applicant to prove they meet the good moral character standard by a preponderance of the evidence.

Policy change: holistic evaluation and scope

USCIS officers are instructed to conduct a holistic evaluation. Instead of checking boxes for arrests or convictions, officers will look at the whole picture: personal behavior, respect for laws and norms, and signs of responsibility. Positive contributions can tip the balance. So can patterns of conduct that raise concerns even if no crime occurred.

USCIS highlights several positive factors officers may credit:
– Community service and volunteer work
– Caregiving and strong family ties in the U.S.
– Educational progress and training
– Stable, lawful employment and professional achievements
– Length of lawful residence
– Tax filing, payment, and overall financial responsibility

At the same time, the agency expands what can be viewed as negative. Officers may look beyond criminal records to lawful but troubling behavior, such as repeated traffic violations, harassment, or aggressive solicitation. Examples that may trigger stricter review include:
– Multiple DUIs
– Unlawful voting
– Drug offenses

The policy also permits retrospective review of earlier immigration issues or conduct that was previously forgiven; those past issues can affect current applications.

USCIS places weight on rehabilitation. People with past misconduct may still qualify if they show real reform through actions such as:
– Following court orders and completing probation
– Paying overdue taxes or child support
– Securing credible letters of support
– Mentoring others who face similar challenges

“The broader discretion given to officers could lead to uneven outcomes unless additional guidance standardizes how evidence is weighed,” notes analysis by VisaVerge.com. Advocacy groups warn subjective judgments may fall hardest on immigrants with minor infractions or those from marginalized communities. USCIS frames the shift as balancing fairness with a careful review of character consistent with community norms.

Impact on applicants and communities

For Green Card holders, the practical message is simple: build and present a full record of life in the U.S. during the statutory period. USCIS will still apply statutory bars under the Immigration and Nationality Act, but officers will also scan for patterns that support or undercut the claim of good moral character.

Expectations for applicants:
– More detailed questions at interviews
– Potentially longer processing times as officers review more material
– Increased risk of denials and delays due to closer scrutiny

To prepare, applicants can take concrete steps.

Evidence to gather (recommended)

• Letters from employers, faith leaders, educators, or community organizations
• Records of volunteer hours and civic engagement
• Proof of tax filing and payment history
• Pay records and employment verification
• Certificates from classes, training, or degrees
• Documents showing caregiving or child support compliance

How to address past issues

• Proof of court compliance and completion of probation
• Payment plans for taxes or child support, with proof of payments
• Treatment records or completion certificates, if applicable
• Thoughtful personal statements backed by third-party letters

Preparing for interviews

1. Be ready to explain context, timing, and change over time.
2. Keep answers honest, clear, and consistent with documents.
3. Bring original documents and organized copies to the interview.

USCIS makes clear that applicants carry the proof burden. Officers will decide based on the preponderance of the evidence standard — meaning it must be more likely than not that the person meets the good moral character requirement. Because the test is holistic, even small items can matter when viewed together with everything else.

Statutory period and retrospective review

• Statutory period: Five years for most applicants; three years for certain spouses of U.S. citizens.
• Patterns outside that window can still be considered to show present character, especially when related to ongoing behavior or past issues that have continuing relevance.

The retrospective review provision allows earlier conduct — even conduct that was previously forgiven — to be considered if it bears on present character.

Practical consequences and strategy

Immigration attorneys caution that two applicants with similar facts may receive different outcomes if their records tell different stories on paper. That is why complete documentation is key. For example:
– A person with a dated DUI who presents proof of treatment, years of clean driving, steady work, tax compliance, and strong volunteer ties will generally be in a better position than someone who offers only a bare explanation.

The change also affects community groups and employers. Letters from supervisors and community leaders may now carry more weight. Organizations that track volunteer hours or provide mentorship can help members produce timely, credible proof. Families should organize records early to avoid delays when the Form N-400 interview is scheduled.

USCIS policy sources point to a return to a more rigorous and comprehensive evaluation after years when many officers leaned on a checklist focused on criminal history. The August 15, 2025 memorandum (PM-602-0188) underscores that the agency expects applicants to present a comprehensive profile, not just a clean record. While many welcome a chance to show their positive impact, some fear the subjective elements could produce inconsistent adjudications.

Next steps and resources

Applicants can start or continue their naturalization process by filing Form N-400, Application for Naturalization online or by mail. The official form and instructions are available at https://www.uscis.gov/n-400. For policy details, USCIS maintains the Policy Manual, including guidance on good moral character, at https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual. Officers will rely on that guidance while applying the August 2025 memorandum in daily casework.

In this environment, preparation is not just helpful — it’s essential. A thoughtful file with clear records of taxes, employment, school, volunteer work, family responsibilities, and any rehabilitation can strongly support a finding of good moral character. For many Green Card holders, this is also a moment to deepen ties to local communities, both because service matters on its own and because USCIS now credits it more explicitly.