Key Takeaways
• Decree No. 89/2025 expands foreign aircraft certification to seven authorities, including China’s CAAC.
• Vietnam expects 84.2 million airport passengers in 2025, a 10% increase over 2024.
• Major projects like Terminal 3 at Tan Son Nhat and Long Thanh Airport are underway.
Executive Summary
Vietnam’s aviation sector is experiencing a period of rapid transformation, marked by sweeping regulatory reforms, infrastructure expansion, and the adoption of advanced technologies. In April 2025, the Vietnamese government issued Decree No. 89/2025/ND-CP and Circular No. 03/2025/TT-BXD, which immediately broadened the range of foreign aviation authorities whose aircraft type certificates are recognized for import. This move, highlighted by the import of a Chinese-made COMAC jet certified by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), signals Vietnam’s commitment to aligning with international standards and fostering a more competitive, modern aviation market.
Passenger numbers are soaring, with 2024 seeing a 27% increase over the previous year and projections for 2025 reaching 84.2 million. Major infrastructure projects, such as the construction of Terminal 3 at Tan Son Nhat International Airport and the development of Long Thanh International Airport, are underway to accommodate this growth. At the same time, digitalization efforts—like biometric verification and AI-powered airline operations—are enhancing efficiency and passenger experience.
This policy brief provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent reforms, their implications for stakeholders, and evidence-based recommendations for further strengthening Vietnam’s aviation sector. The brief draws on official government sources, industry forecasts, and recent policy documents to offer practical guidance for policymakers, airlines, investors, and the broader public.
Introduction and Background
Vietnam’s aviation industry has emerged as one of the fastest-growing in Southeast Asia, driven by a rising middle class, increased tourism, and more relaxed visa policies. The sector’s expansion has, however, outpaced infrastructure and regulatory frameworks, leading to congestion and operational challenges at major airports like Tan Son Nhat.
Recognizing these pressures, the Vietnamese government has prioritized aviation reform as a pillar of national economic development. The foundational Law on Civil Aviation of Vietnam (2006, amended in 2023) enshrines principles of integration, sustainability, and compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards. Recent years have seen a surge in passenger demand, with the Airports Corporation of Vietnam (ACV) reporting a 27% increase in airport passengers in 2024 compared to 2023. The market is forecast to reach 84.2 million passengers in 2025, a 10% year-on-year increase.
Despite this growth, Vietnam’s aviation infrastructure has struggled to keep pace. Tan Son Nhat International Airport, the country’s busiest, has faced chronic congestion, prompting the construction of a new Terminal 3. Meanwhile, the ambitious Long Thanh International Airport project is set to transform the sector when its first phase opens in 2026.
Against this backdrop, the government has launched a series of regulatory reforms aimed at modernizing the sector, attracting investment, and ensuring safety and sustainability.
Analysis of Recent Policy Changes
1. Expansion of Aircraft Certification Recognition
On April 13, 2025, Vietnam issued Decree No. 89/2025/ND-CP, a landmark regulation that expands the list of foreign aviation authorities whose aircraft type certificates are recognized for import. Previously, only certificates from the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) were accepted. The new decree adds:
- Brazil’s National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC)
- Canada’s Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA)
- Russia’s Federal Air Transport Agency (Rosaviatsiya)
- United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (UK CAA)
- China’s Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)
This change allows Vietnamese airlines to import a wider range of aircraft, increasing flexibility and potentially reducing acquisition costs. The first aircraft imported under the new rules was a COMAC jet from China, certified by the CAAC, marking a significant milestone for both Vietnam and COMAC.
2. Alignment of Safety and Airworthiness Regulations
Circular No. 03/2025/TT-BXD, issued on April 14, 2025, amends aviation safety regulations to empower the Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam (CAAV) to issue or recognize Certificates of Airworthiness for aircraft certified by the newly recognized authorities. This alignment with international standards is expected to streamline import procedures and enhance operational safety.
3. Infrastructure Expansion
Vietnam is investing heavily in airport infrastructure to support growing demand. Key projects include:
- Terminal 3 at Tan Son Nhat International Airport: Under construction to relieve congestion and improve passenger flow.
- Long Thanh International Airport: Scheduled to open its first phase in 2026, this project is expected to become a major regional hub.
- Airport Network Expansion: The government aims to increase the number of airports from 22 to 30 by 2030, with a long-term vision for further upgrades by 2050.
4. Digitalization and Technology Adoption
The ACV is rolling out biometric verification systems at major airports, while airlines are adopting AI-powered solutions for regulatory compliance and fuel efficiency. These initiatives are designed to streamline operations, enhance security, and improve the passenger experience.
Options for Policy Development
As Vietnam’s aviation sector continues to evolve, several policy options are available to further strengthen the industry:
Option 1: Further Liberalize Foreign Ownership
Currently, foreign ownership in Vietnamese airlines is capped at 34%. Raising this cap to 49% could attract more foreign capital and expertise, supporting fleet modernization and operational efficiency. However, concerns about national control and strategic interests remain.
Option 2: Streamline Aircraft Registration
The government is preparing to update Decree No. 68/2015/ND-CP on aircraft registration, with the goal of simplifying procedures and aligning with the Cape Town Convention. Streamlining registration would reduce administrative burdens for airlines and investors.
Option 3: Encourage Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Decentralizing airport development and encouraging PPPs can mobilize local resources and attract private investment. This approach has already been adopted for several airport projects, with positive results.
Option 4: Promote Digital and Green Initiatives
Continued investment in digital technologies, such as AI and biometrics, can improve operational efficiency and passenger satisfaction. At the same time, promoting fuel-efficient aircraft and sustainable practices will help the sector meet environmental goals.
Evidence-Based Recommendations
Based on the analysis above and recent developments, the following recommendations are proposed:
1. Maintain Momentum on Regulatory Reform
The expansion of recognized aircraft certification authorities under Decree No. 89/2025/ND-CP has already yielded positive results, such as the import of the COMAC jet. The government should continue updating regulations to align with international best practices, particularly regarding aircraft registration and safety standards. According to analysis by VisaVerge.com, such reforms are essential for maintaining Vietnam’s competitiveness in the regional aviation market.
2. Gradually Increase Foreign Ownership Limits
While concerns about national control are valid, a cautious increase in the foreign ownership cap—from 34% to 49%—would attract much-needed investment and expertise. This change should be accompanied by clear guidelines to safeguard national interests.
3. Accelerate Infrastructure Development
Projects like Terminal 3 at Tan Son Nhat and Long Thanh International Airport are critical for accommodating rising passenger numbers. The government should prioritize timely completion and ensure that new facilities are equipped with the latest technologies.
4. Foster Public-Private Partnerships
Encouraging PPPs in airport development and maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facilities can mobilize additional resources and drive innovation. Local governments should be empowered to attract private capital and manage projects efficiently.
5. Invest in Digital Transformation
The rollout of biometric verification and AI-powered airline operations should be expanded to all major airports. These technologies not only improve efficiency but also enhance security and passenger experience.
6. Promote Environmental Sustainability
As the sector grows, environmental concerns must be addressed. Incentives for airlines to adopt fuel-efficient aircraft and sustainable practices should be introduced, aligning with global trends and consumer expectations.
Step-by-Step Procedures for Aircraft Import and Certification
For airlines and investors seeking to import aircraft under the new regulations, the following steps apply:
- Aircraft Selection: Choose aircraft certified by any of the seven recognized authorities (FAA, EASA, ANAC, TCCA, Rosaviatsiya, UK CAA, CAAC).
- Certification Submission: Submit the type certificate and airworthiness documentation to the CAAV.
- CAAV Review: The CAAV reviews and recognizes the certificate, issuing a Certificate of Airworthiness if the aircraft meets Vietnamese and international standards.
- Registration: Register the aircraft under updated procedures (pending further streamlining under the upcoming revision of Decree 68/2015/ND-CP).
- Operational Approval: Once certified and registered, the aircraft is cleared for commercial operation in Vietnam.
For official guidance and the latest forms, visit the Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam’s website.
Stakeholder Perspectives
- Government: The Ministry of Construction, now overseeing aviation safety regulations, is focused on balancing rapid growth with safety and national interests. The government is also gradually opening the sector to more competition and foreign participation.
- Airlines: Vietnam Airlines, Vietjet Air, Bamboo Airways, and a new full-service carrier (planned for 2026) welcome the expanded aircraft import options. However, financial challenges persist, especially for state-owned Vietnam Airlines, which is seeking government support and considering asset sales.
- Investors: Both domestic and foreign investors are interested in airport infrastructure and MRO facilities. The current foreign ownership cap is seen as a barrier, with calls for reform to attract more capital.
- Industry Analysts: Experts view the reforms as a major step toward aligning with global standards and supporting rapid market growth. Boeing projects Vietnam’s annual passenger traffic will grow by 8.1% between 2025 and 2030, making it Southeast Asia’s fastest-growing aviation market.
Case Example: COMAC Jet Import
The first aircraft imported under the new rules was a Chinese-made jet from COMAC, certified by the CAAC. This event demonstrates the practical impact of regulatory reform:
- Broader Aircraft Choices: Airlines can now consider a wider range of aircraft, including those from emerging manufacturers like COMAC.
- Cost Savings: Increased competition among suppliers may lead to lower acquisition costs.
- Operational Flexibility: Airlines can tailor their fleets to specific market needs, improving efficiency and service quality.
Future Outlook
Vietnam’s aviation sector is poised for continued growth and transformation. Key trends to watch include:
- Further Regulatory Updates: Ongoing reforms are expected, particularly regarding aircraft registration and foreign ownership.
- Airport Network Expansion: By 2030, the goal is to operate 30 airports, with major projects like Long Thanh International Airport set to reshape the sector.
- New Market Entrants: The launch of a new full-service carrier in 2026 will increase competition and connectivity.
- Digital and Green Initiatives: Adoption of AI, biometrics, and sustainable practices will support operational excellence and environmental goals.
Stakeholders should monitor regulatory updates closely and be prepared to seize new opportunities as Vietnam’s aviation landscape evolves.
Official Resources
For more information and official updates, contact:
- Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam (CAAV):
caa.gov.vn
119 Nguyen Son, Long Bien, Hanoi, Vietnam
+84 24 3872 2736 - Ministry of Construction:
moc.gov.vn
37 Le Dai Hanh, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
+84 24 3974 2425 -
Airports Corporation of Vietnam (ACV):
acv.vn
58 Truong Son, Tan Binh, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
+84 28 3848 5634
Conclusion
Vietnam’s aviation sector is at a turning point, with comprehensive reforms unlocking new opportunities for airlines, investors, and passengers. The immediate expansion of recognized aircraft certification authorities, highlighted by the import of a COMAC jet, demonstrates the government’s commitment to modernization and global integration. Infrastructure projects like Terminal 3 at Tan Son Nhat and Long Thanh International Airport, combined with digital transformation and potential liberalization of foreign ownership, will shape the sector’s future.
As Vietnam continues to develop its aviation industry, stakeholders must stay informed about regulatory changes and be ready to adapt. By embracing reform, investing in infrastructure and technology, and promoting sustainability, Vietnam can solidify its position as Southeast Asia’s fastest-growing aviation market.
For ongoing updates and authoritative information, visit the Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam’s official website.
References available upon request. For further analysis, VisaVerge.com provides detailed coverage of Vietnam’s aviation policy developments.
Learn Today
Decree No. 89/2025/ND-CP → Vietnamese regulation expanding recognized foreign aviation authorities for aircraft certification import.
Certificate of Airworthiness → Official document confirming an aircraft meets safety and regulatory standards for operation.
COMAC → Chinese aircraft manufacturer certified by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC).
CAAV → Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam, regulating aviation safety and certifications.
Biometric Verification → Technology using unique physical traits (e.g., fingerprints) to verify passengers’ identity efficiently.
This Article in a Nutshell
Vietnam’s aviation sector is rapidly modernizing with expanded aircraft certifications, infrastructure growth, and digital innovation. The import of a Chinese COMAC jet symbolizes reform success. Rising passenger traffic demands new airports and technology, positioning Vietnam as Southeast Asia’s fastest growing aviation market, ready for further policy-driven advances.
— By VisaVerge.com
Read more:
• Van Nuys Airport still lacks warnings on toxic lead-based aircraft fuel
• Evansville Regional Airport reports surge in laser strikes on aircraft
• Boeing 777X set to become the largest twin-engine aircraft ever built
• Archer Aviation to Debut Midnight Aircraft for Air Taxi Service in UAE
• Zero-Emission Aircraft Delays Stall Net-Zero Aviation Dream
