Virginia 2025 State Tax Guide: Rates, Deadlines, and Visa Holder Rules

(VIRGINIA) For many newcomers, tax season in the United States 🇺🇸 doesn’t feel like a simple paperwork chore. In Virginia, a clean state income tax record can affect everyday life—renting an apartment, getting a loan, and, for many visa holders, showing a stable history when immigration cases move forward.

For the 2025 tax year (income earned January 1 to December 31, 2025), Virginia’s tax rates stay the same, but the standard deduction goes up, and the filing deadline rules include both an automatic extension and special disaster relief dates. According to analysis by VisaVerge.com, immigrants and international students often trip up not because they owe more tax, but because they miss timing rules or file with the wrong residency status.

The basic timeline: what happens when (and why May matters)

Virginia runs on a simple calendar: you earn income during 2025, then you file your Virginia return in 2026.

Key dates that shape most people’s planning:

• Tax year covered: January 1 to December 31, 2025
• Regular Virginia filing deadline: May 1, 2026
• Automatic extension to file (no form needed): November 2, 2026
• Payment due date even if you extend: May 1, 2026

That last point causes the most trouble. The extension gives extra time to file the return, but it does not give extra time to pay. If you pay late, the source material notes Virginia charges 9% interest for underpayments for Q1 2026, and late filing penalties can also apply.

For official, up-to-date Virginia filing and payment instructions, the Virginia Department of Taxation posts guidance and tools on the Virginia Tax official website.

Step 1 (early 2026): decide your Virginia filing status by days, not by visa label

Virginia decides who is a resident mainly through time in the state, not your passport or visa category. The source material sets a clear marker: 183+ days in Virginia generally triggers resident treatment for the year.

You’ll usually fall into one of these groups:

• Resident: lived in Virginia at least 183 days
• Part-year resident: moved in or moved out during 2025
• Nonresident: lived elsewhere but had Virginia-sourced income (for example, wages for work performed in Virginia)

Why this matters: residents generally report all income under Virginia rules, while nonresidents focus on Virginia-sourced income. The source also warns that immigrants and international students (including people on F-1, J-1, H-1B, or L-1 visas) still may need a Virginia return if they meet the income thresholds, even if their federal tax residency is different.

Step 2: check whether you must file at all (Virginia’s income thresholds)

Virginia’s filing requirement starts with your adjusted gross income (AGI). The source material says you must file if your AGI exceeds:

• $11,950 for single filers
• $23,900 for married filing jointly

For a new graduate on OPT, a first-year H-1B worker, or a spouse who started working mid-year, this can sneak up fast—especially with internships, multiple W-2s, or short-term contract work reported on a 1099.

If you’re unsure, it’s safer to check early, because a late start can push you into late filing even when you don’t owe much.

Step 3: gather documents and plan your time frame

Most people can collect what they need in a weekend, but fixing missing documents can take weeks. Plan for this timeline:

1. January to February 2026: employers and payers issue tax forms
2. February to April 2026: you prepare returns, ask questions, and file
3. By May 1, 2026: you file (or extend) and pay what you owe

Common documents include:

• W-2 wage statements
• 1099 forms
• your federal return (Virginia begins with federal concepts then applies state additions/subtractions)

If you moved, changed jobs, or worked in more than one state, start earlier. Time is what protects you against mistakes.

Step 4: apply the 2025 Virginia tax rates and the new higher standard deduction

Virginia keeps the same four tax brackets for 2025, with rates from 2% to 5.75%. The brackets are:

The biggest change for many households is the standard deduction increase, announced July 1, 2025, and effective for 2025 returns filed in 2026:

• $8,750 for single filers (up from $8,500)
• $17,500 for married filing jointly (up from $17,000)

This helps most people who do not itemize. The source also notes Virginia updated withholding tables and formulas to line up with the new deduction, which can reduce surprises at filing time.

Step 5: pick the right Virginia return and file it

Virginia uses different forms depending on your residency category. The source material lists these:

• Form 760 for residents
• Form 760PY for part-year residents
• Form 763 for nonresidents

Expect the state to compare what you file against information it receives from employers and other payers. If numbers don’t match, that can lead to a notice, delays, and stress—especially for immigrants who are also collecting records for future visa steps.

If you are in a green card process, keep copies of what you file. The source material notes that USCIS reviews tax records, and it specifically advises H-1B workers and green card applicants to keep copies of Form 760 as proof of compliance. In many family and employment cases, applicants also file for permanent residence using Form I-485, and USCIS publishes official instructions on the Form I-485 page.

Step 6: know the special deadline rules—extension, being abroad, and disaster relief

Virginia’s rules are friendly only if you follow them exactly.

• Automatic six-month extension: You get until November 2, 2026 to file, and you don’t need to send a separate extension form. But you must still pay by May 1, 2026 to reduce interest and penalties.
• If you’re abroad on May 1: you may file by July 1, but payment is still due May 1.
• Disaster relief: After severe winter storms and flooding beginning February 10, 2025, federal and state deadlines for affected Virginia areas were postponed to November 3, 2025, covering items like 2024 returns and certain 2025 deadlines. If you lived or worked in an impacted county, confirm which deadlines apply to you before you assume you have extra time.

Important: The extension to file is not an extension to pay. Missing the May 1 payment deadline can trigger interest and penalties.

Step 7: estimated taxes for people with uneven income (students, contractors, and new arrivals)

Some immigrants and international students don’t have steady withholding. Think: a student on OPT switching employers, a researcher with a stipend, or a contractor paid on a 1099. Virginia can require estimated payments if your tax due will exceed what was withheld.

Estimated payments use Form 760ES and are made in four roughly equal installments (25% each quarter) on these dates:

• May 1, 2025
• June 15, 2025
• September 15, 2025
• January 15, 2026

Additional points:

• Electronic payment is required for $1,500+ payments after July 1, 2022.
• If you missed estimates during 2025, include any catch-up planning in your May 2026 calendar so the bill doesn’t hit when you’re also paying immigration filing fees, travel, or school costs.

Step 8: after you file—keep records, watch for notices, and protect your immigration paper trail

After filing, keep a simple folder (digital or paper) with:

• your Virginia return and confirmation
• W-2s and 1099s
• proof of payment
• any letters from Virginia Tax and your response

Immigration cases can move slowly. When you later renew a visa, apply for a new status, or prepare a green card package, you’ll be glad you can pull tax records fast without panic.

If you missed the Virginia filing deadline, file as soon as you can. The source material warns that penalties and interest can grow, and it notes late filing penalties can reach 5% per month, plus 9% interest. Even when you can’t pay in full, filing on time (or extending and paying as much as possible by May 1) often reduces damage.

Key takeaway for immigrants: file the right return, pay on time, and keep proof. That’s how a Virginia tax season stays a paperwork task, not a problem that follows you into your next immigration step.