How to Prepare Now for Priority Date Movement and I-485 Filing

Starting the process of adjusting your status in the United States 🇺🇸 can feel overwhelming, but breaking it down into clear steps can help you prepare for each stage. If you’re waiting for your priority date to become current so you can file Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status), there are several important actions you can take now. This guide will walk you through the entire journey, from understanding your priority date to what happens after you file, including estimated timeframes, what you need to do, and what to expect from immigration authorities.

Understanding the Priority Date and the Visa Bulletin

The priority date is the date when your immigrant petition (either Form I-130 for family-based or Form I-140 for employment-based) or labor certification was filed or accepted. This date is very important because it determines your place in line for a green card. The U.S. Department of State publishes the Visa Bulletin every month, which shows the cutoff dates for each visa category and country. When your priority date is earlier than the date listed in the Visa Bulletin for your category and country, you become eligible to file Form I-485.

For example, if your priority date is January 1, 2023, and the Visa Bulletin for your category and country shows a cutoff date of February 1, 2023, you can file your I-485 as soon as that bulletin is in effect. It’s important to check the Visa Bulletin regularly, as the dates can move forward, stay the same, or even move backward depending on demand and government processing.

Step 1: Monitor Your Priority Date and the Visa Bulletin

• Check the Visa Bulletin every month. You can find it on the U.S. Department of State’s website.
• For family-sponsored applicants, use the “Dates for Filing” chart. For employment-based applicants, use the “Final Action Dates” chart. These charts show when you can submit your I-485.
• Keep track of your priority date and compare it to the dates in the Visa Bulletin. When your date is current, you can move forward with your application.

Step 2: Make Sure Your Immigrant Petition Is Filed and Approved

• You cannot file Form I-485 until your underlying immigrant petition (I-130 or I-140) is at least filed and pending, but ideally it should be approved.
• If you haven’t filed your petition yet, talk to your sponsor (family member or employer) and start the process as soon as possible.
• Keep copies of your petition receipt notice and approval notice, as you’ll need them for your I-485 application.

Step 3: Gather and Prepare Your Documents

Getting your documents ready ahead of time will save you stress and help you avoid delays. You’ll need:

• Birth certificate (with a certified English translation if not in English)
• Passport (including all pages with stamps or visas)
• Proof of lawful status (such as your current visa, I-94 arrival/departure record)
• Medical exam results (Form I-693, completed by a USCIS-approved doctor)
• Marriage certificate (if applying as a spouse)
• Divorce decrees or death certificates (if applicable)
• Police certificates (if requested)
• Affidavits or other evidence to prove eligibility

Download the latest edition of Form I-485 and its instructions directly from the USCIS website. Make sure you use the correct version, as using an outdated form can lead to rejection.

Step 4: Understand Processing Times and Plan Ahead

Processing times for I-485 applications can vary based on your category and where you file. As of mid-2025:

• Family-based I-485: About 9.2 months on average
• Employment-based I-485: About 6.9 months on average
• Employment Authorization Document (EAD, Form I-765): About 1.9 months if filed with I-485
• Advance Parole (AP, Form I-131): About 6.1 months if filed with I-485

You can check the most up-to-date processing times on the USCIS Processing Times page. Plan your work, travel, and living arrangements with these timeframes in mind.

Step 5: Maintain Valid Status and Work Authorization

While waiting for your priority date to become current, it’s important to keep your nonimmigrant status valid. This means:

• Renewing your visa or status before it expires
• Not working without proper authorization
• Not overstaying your allowed period of stay

Once you’re eligible to file I-485, you can also file for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and Advance Parole (AP) at the same time. These allow you to work and travel while your I-485 is pending. Filing these forms together can help you avoid gaps in work or travel permission.

Step 6: Stay Updated on Policy Changes

Immigration policies and procedures can change often. For example, which chart USCIS uses from the Visa Bulletin (Dates for Filing or Final Action Dates) may change from month to month. Always check the latest Adjustment of Status Filing Charts on the USCIS website before filing.

Sign up for USCIS email alerts or check their website regularly for updates. If you’re unsure about a change, consult an immigration attorney or a trusted legal advisor.

Step 7: Seek Legal Advice When Needed

Immigration law can be confusing, and mistakes can cause delays or denials. It’s a good idea to talk to an immigration attorney or an accredited representative, especially if:

• You have a complicated case (such as past immigration violations or criminal history)
• You’re unsure about your eligibility
• You need help preparing your application package

A legal expert can review your documents, help you avoid common mistakes, and give you advice on timing and strategy.

What Happens After You File I-485?

Once you file your I-485, here’s what you can expect:

1. Receipt Notice: USCIS will send you a receipt notice (Form I-797C) confirming they received your application.
2. Biometrics Appointment: You’ll be scheduled for a fingerprinting and photo appointment at a local USCIS office.
3. EAD/AP Approval (if filed): If you applied for work and travel permits, you’ll receive them in the mail once approved.
4. Interview: Most applicants will be called for an interview. Bring all original documents and copies.
5. Decision: USCIS will mail you a decision. If approved, you’ll get your green card in the mail.

Estimated Timeframes

• Receipt Notice: 2-4 weeks after filing
• Biometrics Appointment: 4-8 weeks after filing
• EAD/AP Approval: 2-6 months after filing
• Interview: 6-12 months after filing
• Green Card Approval: 7-12 months after filing (varies by case)

Practical Tips for a Smooth Process

• Double-check all forms and documents before submitting. Mistakes can cause delays or denials.
• Keep copies of everything you send to USCIS.
• Respond quickly to any USCIS requests for more information (RFEs).
• Update your address with USCIS if you move, using Form AR-11.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Filing before your priority date is current can lead to rejection.
• Missing deadlines or failing to respond to USCIS can cause your case to be denied.
• Not maintaining valid status can make you ineligible for adjustment.

As reported by VisaVerge.com, careful preparation and staying informed about the Visa Bulletin and USCIS policy changes are key to a successful adjustment of status process. Many applicants who plan ahead and keep their documents ready experience fewer delays and less stress.

Final Steps and Resources

By following these steps, you’ll be ready to file your I-485 as soon as your priority date becomes current. Remember to:

• Check the Visa Bulletin every month
• Keep your documents up to date
• Maintain your status
• Seek legal help if needed

For more information, visit the official USCIS Adjustment of Status Filing Charts page, where you’ll find the latest charts and instructions.

Taking these actions now will help you move forward with confidence when your time comes. Stay organized, stay informed, and you’ll be well-prepared for each step of your green card journey.