(RIO GRANDE VALLEY) — Noncitizens in the Rio Grande Valley who are not U.S. citizens must be prepared to prove lawful immigration status and comply with long-standing federal registration and address-reporting rules as ICE begins “enhanced targeted operations” across the region.
ICE confirmed on Jan. 4, 2026 that it began “enhanced targeted operations” in the Rio Grande Valley with federal partners, including CBP and the DEA, “to enforce U.S. immigration law and preserve public safety and national security.” The announcement comes amid DHS reports of a nationwide enforcement surge and increased arrests, plus a broader policy shift that community lawyers say is producing a chilling effect in South Texas.
This compliance-focused briefing explains the legal obligations most likely to be tested during street, home, and workplace encounters:
- Carrying evidence of registration
- Updating address information
- Appearing for immigration court
- Protecting your rights while avoiding new criminal exposure
These rules apply differently depending on a person’s status, age, and whether they are already in removal proceedings.
1) Carrying “registration” evidence: who must comply and why it matters
Who it applies to. Many noncitizens who have been issued an immigration document are considered “registered” under federal law. Federal law generally requires registered noncitizens 18 and older to carry proof of registration.
Legal authority. INA § 264(e) makes it a misdemeanor for certain noncitizens to fail to carry a registration document. The implementing rules are tied to the broader registration framework in INA § 262 and related regulations in 8 C.F.R. part 264.
Practical compliance. Carrying one of the following often helps show registration, lawful presence, or at least provides identifying information counsel can use quickly:
- Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551)
- Employment Authorization Document (EAD)
- I-94 admission record (printout or electronic record)
- USCIS receipt notices for pending applications (where applicable)
- Immigration court hearing notice or prior orders (if in proceedings)
Carrying documents does not require answering questions about immigration status. But lack of documents can increase the chance of detention during identity and status checks, especially in high-visibility operations.
WARNING
Presenting false documents, or lying about citizenship, can trigger severe immigration and criminal consequences. A false U.S. citizenship claim can create permanent bars in many cases. Seek legal advice before signing anything.
2) The 10-day address rule: updating USCIS (and the court) after a move
Who it applies to. Most noncitizens in the United States must report a change of address. People in immigration court also have separate address duties to EOIR.
Legal authority. INA § 265 generally requires noncitizens to report a change of address within 10 days. The primary regulation is 8 C.F.R. § 265.1. For immigration court, address reporting is governed by EOIR rules, including 8 C.F.R. § 1003.15(d) and related provisions.
Practical compliance. There are often two parallel tracks:
- USCIS track
- File Form AR-11 (online or by mail).
- Update each pending case receipt number.
- Keep confirmation pages and records of submission.
-
Immigration court track
- If in removal proceedings, file Form EOIR-33 with the Immigration Court.
- File separately with the BIA if your appeal is pending.
- Serve DHS as required by court rules.
Failing to update an address is a common reason people miss mail, including biometrics notices, Requests for Evidence, or hearing notices.
DEADLINE
Move = 10 days. In many cases, you must report a new address to USCIS within 10 days under INA § 265 and 8 C.F.R. § 265.1. If you are in court, file EOIR-33 immediately after moving.
3) Immigration court attendance: avoiding in absentia orders during enforcement surges
Who it applies to. Anyone placed into removal proceedings must appear for all scheduled hearings, including master calendar hearings and individual hearings. Notice may be served in person or by mail.
Legal authority. INA § 240(b)(5) permits an immigration judge to order removal in absentia if the person fails to appear after proper notice. The Supreme Court has addressed notice disputes in recent years, including Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S. Ct. 2105 (2018), and Niz-Chavez v. Garland, 141 S. Ct. 1474 (2021). Outcomes vary by procedural posture and jurisdiction.
Practical compliance. During enforcement spikes, people may enter proceedings quickly. The safest practices include:
- Check EOIR’s automated case system frequently.
- Keep copies of every Notice to Appear and hearing notice.
- Update addresses with both USCIS and EOIR, as applicable.
- If sick or detained, have a family member contact counsel and gather proof.
WARNING
Missing immigration court can lead to an in absentia removal order under INA § 240(b)(5). Reopening may be possible, but deadlines and proof rules are strict.
4) Encounters with ICE during “enhanced targeted operations”: compliance without waiving rights
What is happening. ICE describes the current Rio Grande Valley activity as “enhanced targeted operations.” DHS has described a broader surge, with arrests and detainers rising nationwide.
What compliance looks like. Even in high-pressure encounters, several steps reduce risk:
Carry a ready set of immigration documents (I-551, EAD, I-94, USCIS receipts) and keep digital copies. Store originals securely but accessible for quick proof of status during encounters or checks.
- Do not run or resist. Resisting can create criminal exposure and worsen custody decisions.
- Do not sign documents you do not understand. Some papers can be voluntary return or stipulated removal.
- Ask if you are free to leave. If yes, you may leave calmly.
- If ICE is at the door, ask for a warrant. Administrative warrants are not the same as a judicial warrant signed by a judge. Legality of entry can depend on consent and other facts.
If detained, you may have the right to contact counsel. Bond eligibility depends on status and criminal history. Some people face mandatory detention; others may request a bond hearing. Detention practices and bond standards can vary by circuit case law.
5) Benefits applications and enforcement spillover: what applicants should do now
USCIS benefit filings can intersect with enforcement. People with pending cases should keep strong records and be ready to respond quickly to agency notices.
Legal authority. USCIS procedures for evidence requests and interviews generally derive from DHS regulations, including 8 C.F.R. § 103.2(b) (evidence, processing). If USCIS denies an application, unlawful presence and removal risk can change depending on prior status.
Practical compliance tips
– Keep a complete copy of every filing packet and exhibit.
– Track biometrics and interview notices.
– Update addresses immediately to avoid missed appointments.
– Bring counsel to interviews where permitted and advisable.
If USCIS issues an NTA, removal proceedings shift the case to EOIR. Relief options may include:
– Asylum under INA § 208
– Withholding of removal under INA § 241(b)(3)
– CAT protection
– Cancellation of removal under INA § 240A
Eligibility depends on the specific facts of the case.
6) Consequences of non-compliance: what is most likely
Non-compliance can escalate quickly during heightened operations:
- Failure to carry registration proof may be charged under INA § 264(e) in some cases.
- Failure to report address changes can trigger penalties under INA § 265, and often causes missed notices.
- Missed USCIS appointments can result in denials for abandonment in some contexts.
- Missed court hearings can lead to an in absentia removal order under INA § 240(b)(5).
These consequences can affect eligibility for discretionary relief. Immigration judges may consider compliance history when weighing discretion, depending on the form of relief.
DEADLINE
Court papers have short clocks. Motions to reopen, appeals, and responses to DHS filings can have strict deadlines. Get legal advice immediately if you receive an NTA or a removal order.
7) Practical steps for Rio Grande Valley families and employers
Given the public confirmation of enhanced operations, lawyers in the Rio Grande Valley are urging residents to prepare documentation and emergency plans.
- Make a folder with immigration documents and a list of prior addresses and entries.
- Identify a trusted person who can access your documents if you are detained.
- Save the EOIR case number and A-number in a secure place.
- For employers:
- Review I-9 compliance and anti-discrimination rules carefully.
- Avoid over-documenting, which can create liability.
People with criminal arrests, old deportation orders, or prior fraud findings should assume higher risk and consult counsel before any travel, benefit filing, or law enforcement contact.
Official resources
- EOIR Immigration Court information: EOIR Immigration Court information
- USCIS change of address (Form AR-11): USCIS change of address (Form AR-11)
⚖️ Legal Disclaimer: This article provides general information about immigration law and is not legal advice. Consult a qualified immigration attorney for advice about your specific situation.
Resources:
– AILA Lawyer Referral
ICE has intensified enforcement in South Texas through ‘enhanced targeted operations.’ Noncitizens must carry valid registration documents, report address changes within 10 days, and attend all immigration court hearings to avoid automatic removal orders. Legal compliance is essential as lack of documentation increases detention risks. Families and employers are encouraged to organize records and consult legal counsel to navigate this high-pressure environment safely.
