I-864 Poverty Guidelines 2025 Income thresholds for family sponsorship

(UNITED STATES) The federal income thresholds that decide whether a U.S.-based sponsor can bring a family member to live permanently in the country have shifted for 2025, raising the minimum earnings needed to sign the Form I-864, Affidavit of Support. The updated I-864 Poverty Guidelines require most sponsors to show income of at least 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines for their household size, a change now in effect for filings from March 2025 onward. Active-duty military sponsors petitioning for a spouse or child remain subject to the lower 100% benchmark.

The figures—published by the Department of Health and Human Services and applied by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and the Department of State—reflect inflation-driven increases compared with 2024. For many families, these numbers determine whether a green card case moves forward or stalls over financial evidence.

Policy purpose and core question

At the center of the policy is a simple question with weighty consequences: can the sponsor reliably support the intending immigrant without the immigrant becoming a financial burden on public programs? That’s why the Affidavit of Support (I-864), a binding contract between the sponsor and the U.S. government, anchors most family-based immigration.

Under the 2025 I-864 Poverty Guidelines:

• A typical household of two (48 contiguous states) must show at least $26,437 annually (125%).
• A household of four must show $40,187.
• Benchmarks are higher in Alaska and Hawaii (e.g., a four-person household needs about $50,237 in Alaska and $46,225 in Hawaii at 125%).
• For military sponsors filing for a spouse or child, the 100% benchmarks for two and four persons in the contiguous states are $21,150 and $32,150, respectively.

These thresholds matter because the Affidavit of Support is a legal promise and is enforceable.

How USCIS applies the rules

USCIS evaluates Affidavits of Support in two main steps:

1. Confirm that a complete Affidavit of Support was submitted with the immigrant visa application abroad or the adjustment-of-status application inside the U.S.
2. Verify the sponsor’s current income (via recent tax returns and pay records) meets the applicable threshold on the date of filing.

Officers commonly issue requests for evidence (RFEs) when:
– Numbers are borderline,
– Documentation is unclear,
– Household size appears miscounted.

Note: The Affidavit of Support, once properly filed, is valid indefinitely, but it must show the sponsor met the income requirement at the time of submission. Missing or weak proof can slow or cause refusal, adding months and costs.

Household size: the biggest variable

Household size determines the required income. It includes:

• The sponsor,
• The immigrant(s) being sponsored,
• Sponsor’s dependents, and
• Anyone else claimed on the sponsor’s most recent federal tax return.

Common counting errors:
– Forgetting a college-age child who’s still claimed as a dependent.
– Omitting a parent or other person listed on the return.

Consequences:
– Miscounting can shift the required income band and trigger denial.
– A sponsor who meets 125% for a household of three but not four may need to rely on assets or add a joint sponsor.

VisaVerge.com reports miscounting household size is a frequent cause of late-stage documentary problems, especially for families filing quickly after a wedding.

Assets and multipliers: closing income gaps

The updated 2025 chart increases the per-person add-on by $6,875 at the 125% level in the contiguous states. When income falls short, assets can close the gap, but multipliers vary:

• Most sponsors: assets must equal 5 times the shortfall.
• U.S. citizen sponsoring a spouse or adult child: assets must equal 3 times the shortfall.
• Certain orphan adoption cases: assets may only need to equal the shortfall.

Assets that can count:
– Cash savings in a U.S. account,
– Stocks, bonds,
– Cash value of life insurance,
– Home equity (cash value after debts).

Warnings:
– Officers may discount assets that are hard to liquidate or appear to be temporary transfers.
– Avoid overstating assets or presenting inaccesible funds.

Documenting income — what officers want

Sponsors should provide clear, recent, and organized evidence. Commonly required documents:

• Signed Affidavit of Support (I-864)
• Most recent federal tax return or tax transcript
• W-2s or 1099s
• Pay stubs (recent; often last 6–8 weeks)
• Employer letter on letterhead (job title, start date, salary or hourly rate, average hours)
• Proof of assets where needed
• Proof of sponsor’s immigration or citizenship status if requested

Tips by employment type:
– If recently changed jobs: include pay stubs and an employer letter specifying start date and salary.
– Self-employed: include Schedule C or K-1, bank statements, profit-and-loss statements, and invoices.
– Seasonal/variable income: present longer runs of consistent deposits to show steadiness.

Common mistakes: unsigned returns, missing W-2s, outdated pay stubs.

Accuracy, completeness, and recency often solve issues. If tax transcripts are available, they reduce doubts about filing authenticity.

Household members contributing income

A spouse or qualifying household member can contribute income if they:
– Live with the sponsor,
– Agree to be bound to support the immigrant (via a household member contract filed with the Affidavit).

This is often decisive for:
– Student spouses,
– Multigenerational families with working adult children.

Important: Everyone who signs assumes legal responsibility until the obligation ends — typically when the immigrant:
– Becomes a U.S. citizen,
– Earns 40 qualifying quarters of work,
– Loses permanent resident status through departure, or
– Dies.

Divorce does not end the sponsor’s duty.

Geographic differences and timing

• Alaska and Hawaii have higher thresholds—do not rely on the contiguous-states figures if you live there.
• Families that move mid-process should check which benchmark applies at the time of filing the Affidavit.
• Military families should verify active-duty documentation and that the immigrant is a spouse or child to qualify for the 100% standard.

USCIS aligned with HHS updates: the 2025 I-864 Poverty Guidelines became effective in mid-January and applied to USCIS filings starting March 2025. The Department of State applies the same benchmarks at consulates.

Important deadline note:
– Evidence should reflect the correct yearly standard on the date it reaches the agency. Filing around the switch requires confirming which chart applies; officers may request updated calculations if a case was filed on the cusp.

Practical steps and strategic choices

A clear, step-by-step approach reduces risk and delays:

1. Count your household carefully.
2. Pick the correct chart — contiguous states, Alaska, or Hawaii — and use 125% unless you are an active-duty military sponsor filing for a spouse/child (use 100%).
3. Gather proof of current income and last year’s tax return/transcript.
4. If there’s a gap, calculate the asset amount needed using the correct multiplier and document ownership and cash value.
5. If a household member will contribute income, include their contract and proof.
6. File the Affidavit of Support package with the immigrant’s case, labeled and organized (cover note that shows household count and threshold used).
7. If an agency asks for more evidence, respond promptly with updated records.

Examples:
– If a household of three needs $33,312 at 125% and the sponsor earns $31,000, the shortfall is $2,312. The required assets (5× shortfall) would be $11,560.

Impact on applicants and common scenarios

• Hourly workers with variable overtime: officers often average recent pay to estimate annual earnings. Heavy overtime one month followed by a dip may not help.
• Job offers or expected raises: officers prioritize current income. A credible job offer letter can help but may not replace a lack of current earnings.
• Joint sponsor: remains the surer option to avoid delays when current income is insufficient.
• New household members (e.g., a newborn) must be counted even if the child is a U.S. citizen not applying for a green card.

Community advocates note that modest increases combined with rising living costs can squeeze lower-wage households. Families who qualified in 2024 may now face a small shortfall.

Common pitfalls in blended families

• If a U.S. citizen files for a spouse and the spouse’s child, both must be included in the household count.
• Dependents claimed on the sponsor’s latest tax return count even if they don’t live full-time in the home.
• Children the sponsor shares custody of and claims part of the year still count.
• A child not on the sponsor’s return and fully supported by another parent may not count.

Even a single-person counting error can change the requirement by thousands of dollars.

Legal weight and long-term responsibility

One unchanged principle: the Affidavit of Support is a legally enforceable contract. By signing, a sponsor promises to maintain the intending immigrant at no less than 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines (or 100% for the military exception) until the obligation ends.

• This contract is enforceable in court, including by the sponsored immigrant.
• Joint sponsors and household members who sign take on the same legal obligations.
• Sponsors should not sign casually and should consult counsel if uncertain.

Paperwork hygiene — checklist

To file a complete package, include at minimum:

• Signed Affidavit of Support (I-864)
• Most recent federal tax return or tax transcript
• W‑2s or 1099s
• Pay stubs from the last two months (or last 6–8 weeks recommended)
• Employer letter (on letterhead, signed; job title, start date, annual pay or hourly rate and average hours)
• Proof of assets where required (statements, valuations)
• Proof of sponsor’s status if requested

Label documents clearly and include a brief cover note showing household count and the exact threshold used. Respond quickly and organizedly to any RFEs—missing the response window can lead to denial.

Where to find official guidance

USCIS publishes official instructions, forms, and guidance. Sponsors can review current rules and access Affidavit of Support materials on the USCIS Affidavit of Support page: https://www.uscis.gov/green-card/green-card-processes-and-procedures/affidavit-of-support.

For the official HHS poverty guidelines used for I-864 calculations, see the 2025 Poverty Guidelines (used for Affidavit of Support calculations): 2025 I-864 Poverty Guidelines.

Quick reference — 125% and 100% highlights (contiguous states)

• Household of 2 (125%): $26,437
• Household of 3 (125%): $33,312
• Household of 4 (125%): $40,187

• Household of 2 (100%, military): $21,150

• Household of 3 (100%, military): $26,650
• Household of 4 (100%, military): $32,150

Per-person add-on:
– 125%: +$6,875 per additional person
– 100%: +$5,500 per additional person

Final takeaways

• The 2025 I-864 Poverty Guidelines are an inflation-based update, not a structural change to the Affidavit of Support program.
• Small income shortfalls can be remedied with assets or a joint sponsor, but documentation must be clear and credible.
• Household size, correct chart selection (contiguous, Alaska, Hawaii), and up-to-date evidence are the most common sources of error.
• Sponsors should prepare thoroughly, count household members accurately, document current income, and respond promptly to RFEs to keep cases moving.

The path remains firm but navigable for families who prepare: use the correct chart, assemble solid documentation, and consider joint sponsorship or asset documentation if needed to meet the 2025 thresholds.